The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1607 Words

The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the most recognizable men in West Egg. Gatsby is jealous of Tom Buchanan’s prosperous life and beautiful wife, Daisy, which motivated him to become wealthy in order for him to win back Daisy, the love of his life. Throughout the novel, Daisy’s attitude remains superficially happy to mask her pain at her husband s constant infidelity. Gatsby contemporary success and riches led him to become extremely wealthy and one of the most popular men in West Egg. The acquisition of wealth and riches Gatsby experienced secured his high social position in society. Just before Gatsby brings Nick Carraway an invitation to one of his parties, Nick observes Gatsby’s house as guests enter and exit during his lavish parties. There was music from my neighbor’s house through the summer nights. In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars. At high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests diving from the tower of his raft or taking theShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to launch the theme that is so prevalent in his work; the human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1343 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from DaisyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around thatRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald992 Words   |  4 PagesThe Jazz Age was a period of great economic, social, and political change happening in the 1920’s. The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, however, sees in this a time of boundaryless death, and urban decimation. The Great Gatsby is modeled towards the death of the American dream during the 1920’s. Based on the happening of the 1920’s, this model is certainly reasonable. F. Scott Fitzgerald and The Great Gatsby use the motifs of materialism, carelessness, and decay seen in the 1920’s in order to

Keystone Pipelines Is An Oil Sand Pipeline System

â€Å"The world is looking at us, you’ve gotta be lowering your greenhouse gas emissions, not increasing.† said Senator Ed Markey about the keystone pipelines. Keystone pipelines is an oil sand pipeline system, started in June 2010, that runs from Western Canadian Sedimentary Base in Alberta through refineries in Illinois and Texas and also to oil farms and pipelines in Cushing, Oklahoma. TransCanada Corporation first proposed the this project on February 9, 2005. However, this existing pipeline is expected to have 1,700 new miles of pipeline added to it, Keystone XL Pipeline, two new sections of expansion. This is called the Keystone XL Pipeline Extension and it was proposed on January 22, 2008. The first new section would connect Cushing,†¦show more content†¦They need to acquire a Presidential Permit through State department in order for the construction to continue. The Obama administration postpone the decision on the permit because they are uncertain. Key stone pipelines has been a controversy because even though it’s a shovel-ready jobs that would help thousands of American find work and it will help increase our supply of American energy (BBC News, 2015), but keystone pipelines are also a catastrophic environmental disaster. Environmentalists has always wanted people to ease away from fossil fuels and to find and use renewable sources. By using the developed oil sands, there will be plenty of fossil fuels and the increasing rates of global warming would not be cured. When President Obama vetoed the pipeline proposal, people who supported argued that it would create construction jobs and increase the a supply of reliable energy, lower oil prices and bolster the economy. To build the pipeline on America’s land, it required a permit signed by the President. When the second new section was proposed, Nebraska homeowners opposed to the project and sued to block the pipeline from being built. TransCanada has filed for emine nt domain for those properties in Nebraska. Eminent domain is the right of a government to take property for public use with pay of compensation. President Obama used this reason as a delay to the final decision whether or not he would

Trafficking of Cultural Object for Nationalism - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theTrafficking of Cultural Object for Nations and Nationalism. Answer: There are certain objects that reflect the advancement and identity of a particular nation and the world can depict priceless information from such objects. Such kinds of objects are known as cultural objects (Brodie 2017). The cultural properties are heritage in nature and they are required to be protected for the preservation of our history. However, in recent times, a spree to traffic these objects has been increased for financial gain and in certain times, those monies are gained to support certain terrorist groups. There are several criminal acts included under the trafficking of cultural objects and the consequences of the same are detrimental in nature (Peters 2015). The cultural objects help people to know about their past and therefore are of actual importance. Such kind of activities involves legal and ethical consideration. According to James Nafziger (2008), there are two legal framework acts for the preservation of cultural objects: the first deals with the scope and con sequence of destruction that has been done at the time of war and the second deals with the capabilities of states to use international cooperation to curb this illicit trafficking of objects. According to various archaeologists, trafficking of cultural items is quite ancient practice. The main thing is to identify the sources from where the objects are acquired by the pirates. Many scholars have raised their voice against such immoral practice. A voice to protect and preserve the cultural objects had roused for the year 1553 by Jakub Przyluski. Further, Hugo Grotius had prescribed certain punishments for the pirates who are engaged in such immoral trafficking. There are numerous attempts have been made to curb this phenomenon. The amount of theft in archaeological sites has become a new issue in modern times and proper maintenance need to be taken in such cases. The UNESCO in such circumstances along with certain national and international legislations has implemented certain conve ntions (Schneider 2017). The most significant universal interference in the case of stopped the cultural invasion has been taken place in the year 1970 and 1995. The main objective of the 1970 convention was to inject solidarity among the traders so that they could not engage in buying or selling the antiques, fossils or valuable arts. Much protection has been taken for the security of museums. It has been proclaimed in this convention that international law should retain sovereignty among the states so that they can enforce public laws for the protection of the cultural heritages (Losson 2017). However, criticism has been made against the normative definition of cultural heritage by the 1970 convention. John Henry Merryman has called the definition as a blank cheque. However, it has been observed that the 1970 convention has not achieved its goal and therefore, another convention has been organised in 1995. The main purpose of this convention was to establish two separate norms for securing the cultural objects. First the objects need to be returned to the proper place if tracked and the second is to treat the trading of cultural objects as illegal (Song 2015). According to Article 5(1) of the convention, trading in cultural objects are against the provision of public law and the lawful owner of the cultural object can claim for restitution if the object has been stolen from him and trafficked to other place. Further, there are certain rules for the Archaeological excavations that are required to be maintained in case of every quarry. In case any antiques have been excavated and discovered, the expert is required to be informed the government about the fact and he will be punished for theft in case of failure. However, international legislations are not enough for curbing this crime and states have to take active participation in such situation. Lorenzo Casini (2011) has stated in his Italian Hour has stated that all the ancient universal laws have failed to provide proper protection to the cultural heritages. According to Alessandro Chechi (2014), cultural heritages are quite important in nature and they should be secured for depicting the history in a concise way. Certain ethical consideration is also attached with the illegal trafficking of cultural objects. The provision of due diligence is inserted under the trafficking of cultural object. The term due diligence includes five particulars such as the object should be examined; the place of the object should be addressed; expert advice is required in certain circumstances; the nature and character of the exporting goods must be analyzed and the account of the original owner is required to be evaluated. Reference: Brodie, N., 2017. The role of conservators in facilitating the theft and trafficking of cultural objects: the case of a seized Libyan statue.Libyan Studies,48, pp.117-123. Casini, L., 2018. International regulation of historic buildings and nationalism: the role of UNESCO.Nations and Nationalism,24(1), pp.131-147. Losson, P., 2017. Does the International Trafficking of Cultural Heritage Really Fuel Military Conflicts?.Studies in Conflict Terrorism,40(6), pp.484-495. Peters, R., 2015. The Protection of Cultural Property in EU Law: Status Quo and Future Perspectives.Countering Illicit Traffic in Cultural Goods, p.141. Schneider, M., 2017. The 1995 UNIDROIT Convention: An Indispensable Complement to the 1970 UNESCO Convention and an Inspiration for the 2014/60/EU Directive.Santander Art and Culture Law Review,2016(2/2016 (2)), pp.149-164. Song, H.Y., 2015. International Legal Instruments and New Judicial Principles for Restitution of Illegally Exported Cultural Properties.Penn St. JL Int'l Aff.,4, p.718.

Terroism Suicide Bombers free essay sample

Terrorism/Suicide Bombers Social norms play a key role on how people should behave and act in groups or societies. If an individual were to abandon these norms, others will criticize the individual for doing so. To learn and understand these social norms, social interaction is very important. Robert Brym (2012) states that social interaction is of such fundamental importance that, without it, individuals would not be able to develop a sense of identity, an idea that they are (p. 49). This also applies to suicide bombers. Some counties, believe that these deviant acts are justified in the Middle East and used to achieve political goals. Using the work from Robert Brym (2012) and Kevin Peraino (2008), this paper will show how psychopathology, clash of civilization, deprivation, and differential association, were introduced as theories on explaining the motives of suicide bombers. History of Suicide Attacks The history on the use of suicide attacks by terrorist dates back to ancient times. We will write a custom essay sample on Terroism Suicide Bombers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Terrorist suicide attacks are not a new method but are a very old method of operation. Before the late nineteenth century, suicide attackers used hand weapons to kill their victims in public places to assure publicity of their act. In World War 2, suicide attacks called Kamikaze were incorporated by the Japanese Empire, when a pilot crashes the plane into a target, as a way of showing pride and honour for the Empire. After the invention of dynamite in the late nineteenth century, terrorists began using bombs in their attacks. This method of attack made it easier for terrorists to achieve their goals. For example, with the old method of using hand weapons, the suicide attacks got harder when the target had some sort of protection. However, with the new method of using bombs, even if the target has protection, the suicide bomber only has to get the target within the blast radius and blow up. Hence, suicide attacks using bombs made it easier for terrorists to achieve their goals. Psychopathology Although psychopathology was not a criminological or sociological theory learned in class, it was still the first well-known explanation proposed. Psychologist introduced psychopathology because of an incident that involved a suicide bombing on the U. S. Marine barrack in Beirut in 1983, which a sole survivor saw the face of the bomber (Brym, 2012). He looked right at me and smile, the survivor recalls (Brym, 2012, p. 37). The western observers quickly passed a verdict that people who are willing to blow themselves up to kill others must be abnormal, and if they die happily they must surely be deranged (Brym, 2012, p. 37). The Beirut bomber was characterized as an unstable individual with a death wish by several psycholo gists, although they lacked of evidence of the bombers state of mind (Brym, 2012). Similarly, following the September 11, 2001, suicide attacks on the United States, U. S. overnment and media emphasis the supposed irrationality and insanity of the bomber, again without the proper supporting data (Brym, 2012, p. 37). With such claims, destined suicide bombers were interviewed and reconstruction of the biographies of successful suicide bombers does not show a higher rate of psychopathology than the general population (Brym, 2012). To support this statement, a study was conducted of all 462 suicide bombers between 1980 and 2003, and found not a single case of depression, psychosis, past suicide attempts, and so forth (Brym, 2012). Evidence collected by other experts actually shows that recruits were pulled out if they displayed signs of pathological behaviour for the organizational security (Brym, 2012). Hence, the explanation of suicide bombers based on psychopathology is no help to understand the rise of suicide bombing in the world. Deprivation Brym (2012) presents the second explanation of suicide bombers based on the deprivation theory which characterizes the perpetrator† (p. 38). From this perspective, the actions of suicide bombers are caused by extreme deprivation, either absolute or relative. Absolute deprivation refers to a long-standing poverty and unemployment, while relative deprivation is the growth of an intolerable gap between what people expect out of life and what they get (Brym, 2012, p. 38). Presumably, some people are driven to commit self-destructive acts of aggression against the known source of their suffering because of their deprivation (Brym, 2012). However, evidence collected does not support the deprivation theory. Between 1980 and 2003, 30 percent of Arab suicide bombers were more educated than the general populations and typically a working middle class person (Brym, 2012). Perainos (2008) interview of the family of Ashraf al-Hasadi would be a great example on why the theory does not apply. Ashraf was 18 years old and already had a job, a car and an apartment, which are desired by others in Darnah (Brym, 2012). However, in the summer of 2007, Ashraf went to Iraq without telling his family (Brym, 2012). When Peranio (2008) asked the family what the cause of his action was†, they replied back saying that Ashraf became too religious and watched a lot of news on the war going on in Iraq. Hence, neither of the absolute or relative deprivation theories were the cause of Ashrafs action, but from another reason. Clash of Civilization The third explanation is also not a theory learned in class like psychopathology; however is relevant to explaining suicide bombers. The explanation that focused on the individual characteristics began to fray in the late 1980s because of the lack of evidence to support them (Brym, 2012). The third theory was known as â€Å"clash of civilization†, which was proposed by analysts and social scientists to demonstrate cultural differences between Islam and western societies (Brym, 2012). From their point of view, Islamic culture inclines Muslims to fanatic hatred of the West, violence, and, in the extreme case, suicide attacks† (Brym, 2012, p. 39). However, the â€Å"clash of civilization† thesis contradicted the public opinion polls which showed Arabs in the Middle East hold strong favorable attitudes toward American culture s (Brym, 2012). They only hold strong negative attitudes toward American Middle East policies, thus Brym (2012) argues that â€Å"this is less evidence of a clash of civilizations than a deep political disagreement† (p. 9). Nor is there any connection between Islam and suicide bombers; these deviant acts are actually outside the cultural norms of Islamic people (Brym, 2012). Differential Association In the late 1990s, analyzes on suicide attacks started to shift, which scholars began to view suicide attacks as strategically rational political action (Brym, 2012). â€Å"With Robert Pape’s studies of all 462 suicide bombings between 1980 and 2003, this school of thought was given a strong empirical basis of support† (Brym, 2012, p. 40). Pape concluded that every suicide campaign since the early 1980s has shared one objective, which was to press a foreign state to withdraw its military forces and policies from their homeland (Brym, 2012). Sutherland`s differential association theory, when crime is learned from interaction with others, can be applied towards Pape’s conclusion on the intervention of foreign states. Suicide groups in the Middle East act in violence because of their disapproval of the foreign policies and military enforced on their homeland (Brym, 2012). On the bases of differential association, a person who shares the same view is welcome to join the group and will later be taught to become deviant for the organization’s purpose (Brym, 2012). For example, the city of Darnah had two major incidents in the past, the battle of 1805 with the United States and the death of Omar al-Mukhtar, Muslim holy warrior, from the Italian army during World War 2 (Peranio, 2008). When Peranio (2008) visited Darnah, he noticed that the cult of Omar al-Mukhtar was more visible throughout the city than the president of Libya and the hatred towards the Americans still existed. Peranio (2008) later discovers that the residents of Darnah viewed the Iraqi dictator, Saddam Hussein, as the same image as their hero, Omar al-Mukhtar. With already the bad relationship from before, when the Americans attacked Iraq and executed of Saddam, the people of Darnah were outraged with the Americans. Therefore, providing, Darnah resident, reasons to interact with Iraq’s foreign fighters and learn to fight against Americans. Brym’s Theory Byrm (2012) and one of his PhD students personally collected data on all 138 suicide bombings that occurred in Israel. After viewing this information, Brym (2012) was interested in three issues; bombers motives, organizations rationales, and event precipitants, then classified the three casual mechanisms as either proactive or reactive. Reactive causes are when a government’s action(s) evoke suicide attacks from certain groups and proactive causes are political, religious or ideological events that evoke suicide attacks without provocation from the government (Brym, 2012). Brym (2012) found the great majority of the suicide attacks in Israel were reactive causes from Palestinians. Hence, â€Å"suicide bombers did not give up their lives for a grand rational strategy, but to avenge the killing of someone close to them, as retribution for specific attacks against the Palestinian people, or as payback for perceived attacks against Islam† (Brym, 2012, p. 43). In conclusion, in the Middle East, suicide attacks are outside the social norms and viewed as a deviant behavior, even though there are high rates of suicide bombings. Most theories introduced by experts has failed on the explaining the rise of suicide bombers in the 1980s. The assumption of psychopathology for being the cause of suicide attacks was quickly defeated because of the lack of evidence to prove the mind state of suicide bombers. Absolute and relative deprivation did have some support when first introduced, however studies showed that this was false, consequently losing all creditability. The clash of civilization theory was viewed in a sociological point of view, but also failed on explaining suicide bombers. Differential Association was the only theory that seemed to apply toward suicide bombers because of their social environment. Suicide bombers social environment had been affected by foreign intervention, therefore leading them to approach terrorist organizations and learn deviant ways, suicide bombing, to get revenge. Hence, Brym (2012) and Peranio (2008) concludes their work by stating that revenge and retribution was the main reason for suicide bombing. Reference Robert J. Brym (2012). Sociology as a Life or Death Issue. Toronto: Nelson Education Ltd. Thio, A. , Calhoun, T. C. , Conyers, A. (2008). Readings in deviant behavior. Boston: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon Publishers.